TOEFL阅读常见难句结构分析
 
作者:韦铱  来源:www.weisanli.com
--------------------------------------------------------
    only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
 
    句子解析:第一个句子使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+表语(形容词、名词等)+to do sth.”的结构,how many they kill是作为guess at的宾语从句,but引导的是转折部分。第二个句子使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+过去分词+that从句”的结构。
 
    句子翻译:对蜘蛛到底能吃掉多少昆虫作出准确地估计是不可能的,但是,这种动物总是显出饥肠辘辘的样子,不满足于一日三餐。据估计,在英国,蜘蛛一年里所消灭的昆虫的重量超过了这个国家的人口的重量总和。
 
    6.It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.
 
    句子解析:这个句子使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+表语(形容词、名词等)+to do sth.”的结构,需要注意的是在表语后面跟了两个不定式结构,而that引导的从句是作为appreciate的宾语,but引导的从句表示转折,并且在but引导的从句中出现了“it+连系动词(多为be)+形容词+that从句.”的结构。
 
    句子翻译:或许,不珍惜已拥有的东西而渴望未拥有的东西,凡人皆是如此,但是非常遗憾的是,在这光明的世界里,天赐与人们的视觉只被用作一种方便,而不被用作使生活更加完美的手段。
 
    7.It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.
 
    句子解析:when引导的是表示时间的状语从句,在这个从句中还有listening to,and composing的现代分词作为状语表示其在干什么,在这个句子中It was on a Sunday evening的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句部分。
 
    句子翻译:一个星期日的傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟的叫声,一面在写一首爱情诗,忽然听到大门砰地一声关上,接着看见那姑娘从树林里跑着奔来,后面跟着飞快追赶她的那呆头呆脑的红脸乔。
 
    8.It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking.
 
    句子解析:这个句子使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+表语(形容词、名词等)+to do sth.”的结构,两个that引导的都是say的宾语从句,because引导的是表示原因的从句,when引导的是表示时间的状语从句。
 
    句子翻译:因为人能传种接代而说人是不朽的,这很容易。因为即使最后一次钟声已经消失,消失在再也没有潮水冲刷、映在落日余晖里的海上最后一块无用的礁石之旁时,还会有一个高音,那就是人类微弱的、不断的说话声,这样说也很容易。
 
    9.It is also important to understand the possible influence of other constituent of Canabis, which may not in themselves be psycho- or physical-active but many nevertheless influence the action of those constituents which are qd.
 
    句子解析:这里使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+表语(形容词、名词等)+to do sth.”的结构,第一个which引导的非限定性的定语从句用于进一步说明和解释other constituent of Canabis,而第二个which引导的定语从句用于修饰those constituents。
 
    句子翻译:理解大麻的其他成分可能造成的影响也很重要,这些成分本身不可能产生使人心理或生理兴奋的作用,然而可能会对前面提到过的那些成分的作用发生影响。
 
    10.It is a matter of being dumb with wonder that his poor brain and body didn’t burst under the torment of the demon of creative energy that lived inside him, struggling, clawing, scratching to be released; tearing, shrieking at him to write the music that was in him.
 
    句子解析:在这句话中it是形式上的主语,真正的主语是后面的that引导的从句部分,第二个that引导的定语从句用于修饰creative energy,而struggling, clawing, scratching to be released和tearing, shrieking at him to write the music that was in him的现在分词作为lived的伴随状语,并且第三个that引导的定语从句用于修饰the music。
 
    句子翻译:这是一件令人惊讶,使人瞠目结舌的事。他体内充满着无限的创造力,像恶魔般拼命地挣扎着、抓挖着,试图冲出身外;这恶魔般的力量撕扯着他,对他狂叫着要他谱写蕴藏于体内的乐曲。遭受如此痛苦的折磨,他那可怜的脑袋瓜和身躯却没有被压垮,这岂不是人间的奇迹?
 
    11.This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.
 
    句子解析:in that表示原因,在其后的it作为形式主语真正的主语应该是by后面的内容,其中indicating后的that引导的是关于它的宾语从句,需要注意的是has been done in the field和grows out of some investigative tradition都是what的谓语部分。
 
    句子翻译:这一节具有修饰的作用,因为它表明所引用的资料是在对该领域以往研究情况全面了解的基础上提出来的,而这些资料可能源于已经形成的资料调查系统,所以它能够提高研究人员的可信度。
 
    12.This is nonsense but with it some organs of the popular Press played upon the emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957 which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the poisoner to escape the gallows.
 
    句子解析:with it 这个介宾短语中的it指的是this指代的内容,so…that的结构表示如此的怎么样以至于怎么样了,即that引导的句子是结果状语,which引导的定语从句是用于修饰Homicide Act of 1957的。
 
    句子翻译:这是一派胡言,但是有些受人欢迎的报刊以次来玩弄读者的感情,以至于不少国会候选人不敢支持废除死刑以免失去选票,结果通过了愚蠢不堪的1957年杀人罪法案,这一法案把抢劫杀人定位死刑,而让放毒者逃脱绞刑。
 
     13.It is a pity that we have to make such an important decision about our future at a stage in our lives when we are so easily swayed by factors which have little or nothing to do with the central issue, namely, that we should do those things for which we have a natural talent.
 
    句子解析:这里使用了“it+连系动词(多为be)+that从句”的结构,when引导的是关于时间的状语从句,而第一个which引导的定语从句用于修饰factors,而第二个that引导的是关于issue的同位语从句,第二个which引导的定语从句用于修饰those things。
 
    句子翻译:遗憾的是,我们不得不在我们一生中最易动摇地阶段做出这个事关我们前途的重大决定,而那些使我们心境动摇地因素与决定的中心问题,即我们应该去从事我们有天赋完成的事业,少有或者没有联系。
 
    14.A technological innovation like streamlining or all-welded body construction may be rejected initially, but if it is important to the efficiency or economics of automobiles, it will reappear in different ways until it is not only accepted but universally regarded as an asset.
 
    句子解析:but表示转折,而if引导的是表示条件的状语从句,在其中it指代的是A technological innovation,在后面还使用了not only…but also的结构。
 
    句子翻译:像流水线或全焊接车体这样的工艺革新最初可能不会被汽车制造商所接受。但一旦它的确有益于提高汽车生产的效率和效益时,它就会以不同的方式再现,最终不仅被接受,而且还被普遍当作财富。
 
    15.It should be realized that when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body, we are really expressing its velocity relative to something which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary.
 
    句子解析:it是作为形式上的主语,真正的主语部分是realized后面的that引导的从句部分,when引导的是关于时间的状语从句,which引导的定语从句用于修饰something,并且在这个定语从句中,for this particular purpose这个表示原因的插入语分割了is和imagined to be stationary部分。
 
    句子翻译:应当认识到,当我们确定某一物体的速度大小和方向时,实际上我们表示的是相对于某一参照物的速度,对于这一特定场合来说,可以设定该参照物是静止不动的。